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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a contacting device (1) and a measuring device (45) which can be used for non-permanent electrical contacting of solar cells (3) in determining electrical properties such as, for example, an IV characteristic of the solar cell (3) in the context of a solar cell classification , The contacting device (1) has a rigid, optically transparent carrier plate (5), for example made of glass. On the support plate (5) a plurality of electrical lines (7) along a surface of the support plate (5) and arranged over this projecting. For example, the electrical leads (7) can extend along trench-like recesses formed in the carrier plate (5). The electrical leads (7) can contact fingers (21) of the solar cell (3) uniformly and preferably under conditions which prevail in the encapsulated state of the solar cell (3) in a solar module, in particular also busbar-less solar cells (3) be contacted.
    公开号:CH708621B1
    申请号:CH00290/15
    申请日:2013-09-04
    公开日:2017-02-15
    发明作者:Herguth Axel；Braun Stefan；Hahn Giso
    申请人:Universität Konstanz；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a contacting device for the non-permanent electrical contacting of solar cells and their use for a measuring device for determining electrical properties such. a current-voltage characteristic of a solar cell.
    TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
    Solar cells serve as photovoltaic elements to convert light into electricity. Light-generated charge carrier pairs, which were spatially separated, for example, at a pn junction, must be fed to an external circuit by means of electrical contacts of the solar cell. For this purpose, electrical contact arrangements must be provided both at the emitter and at the base of the solar cell.
    In conventional solar cells, the emitter is usually arranged on a side facing the incident light of the solar cell. When generating an electrical contact arrangement on the front side of the solar cell, conflicting requirements must be taken into account. On the one hand, the contact arrangement should shade the front side as little as possible, on the other hand, in particular, a cross section of the contact arrangement should not be chosen too small in order to prevent excessive series resistance losses when dissipating the current generated in the solar cell.
    In order to meet these conflicting requirements, contact arrangements are used in many conventional commercial solar cells, in which a plurality of thin parallel contact tracks, which are also referred to as fingers and arranged at a distance of typically 0.5 mm to 3 mm from each other are arranged distributed over the front of the solar cell. In order to collect the current derived in the contact paths and forward it to adjacent solar cells, usually two or three wider busbars, which are also referred to as busbars used. This busbars preferably cross the narrow contact paths perpendicular, so that there is a so-called H pattern. Tinned copper strips can be soldered onto the wide busbars, which can be used to connect adjacent solar cells to form a string and ultimately to form a module.
    However, in particular, the broad busbars reflect a significant portion of the incident light, so that this is no longer a conversion into electricity available. It is therefore attempted to minimize the number of busbars. However, it has been observed that if the number of bus bars per solar cell area is too small, the efficiency of the solar cell may decrease despite reduced shutdown since generated electrical current in the narrow contact paths must travel long distances until it reaches a bus bar, so that series resistances within the contact tracks increase can result in significant series resistance losses.
    In the context of recent solar cell concepts is trying to broad busbars by a variety, that is, for example, five to thirty, to replace individual wires, each perpendicular to the fingers, and to solder the wires to each one of the fingers. In order to reduce an associated workload, the wires or electrical lines can be applied to thin films, which are then permanently connected to the solar cell. Such a concept is described, for example, in WO 2007/071 064. Such concepts promise, inter alia, due to an expected reduced recombination, reduced shading and reduced series resistances higher efficiencies in the solar module compared to conventional contact arrangements with H patterns.
    In the production of solar cells, there is a certain dispersion with regard to the electrical properties of the solar cells produced. The electrical properties of each solar cell should be known as well as possible, for example, to be able to use the solar cells as best as possible in a solar module. So it may be necessary for best possible later interconnection in a solar module to divide the solar cells into power classes. For this purpose, usually a non-linear current-voltage characteristic of the solar cell, which is also referred to as I-V characteristic, recorded, which indicates how much power a solar cell generates when illuminated with a solar simulator at a given applied voltage. Further, for example, using electroluminescence measurements, internal problems of the solar cell, e.g. triggered by local shorts, are detected. In order to determine the electrical properties, it may be necessary in the context of industrial solar cell fabrication to temporarily terminate contacts of the solar cell, i. non-permanent, from the outside to contact electrically.
    In conventional solar cells with wide busbars lying with their back on a metallic holder solar cell is contacted on its front side mostly using spring-loaded pins, the pins are pressed onto the busbars. In this way, a good electrical contact between the solar cell and a measuring arrangement can be produced in a simple and reproducible manner.
    However, especially in the above-mentioned novel solar cell concepts without wide busbars, the problem may arise that each individual finger would have to be repeatedly contacted electrically for a correct determination of the I-V characteristic of a solar cell. This can bring a considerable effort for the generation of many necessary contact points with it. In addition, care must be taken that no excessive shading of the solar cell is effected with such contacting. Furthermore, the contact points generated should be reversibly solvable, that is, the solar cell should be non-permanently contacted.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    There may be a need for a contacting device which is suitable for non-permanent electrical contacting of solar cells, in particular in determining their electrical properties, and by means of which, inter alia, prevents the above-mentioned problems and deficiencies of conventional contacting devices and methods or at least be reduced. In particular, there may be a need for a contacting device, by means of which a solar cell front side can be easily and reliably electrically contacted, wherein shading of the solar cell during measuring, for example, an I-V characteristic should be kept low. Furthermore, it may be advantageous if, in determining e.g. the I-V characteristic using the contacting device are both optical and electrical prevailing conditions similar to those prevailing in a solar cell receiving the solar cell.
    Such a need can be met by means of a contacting device according to claim 1 and by means of a measuring device and its use according to claims 14 and 15. Advantageous embodiments of the contacting device are defined in the dependent claims.
    According to a first aspect of the present invention, a contacting device is proposed which has a rigid support plate and a plurality of electrical leads. The carrier plate is optically transparent. The electrical lines are arranged to extend along a surface of the carrier plate from a central region of the carrier plate to an edge region of the carrier plate and project beyond this surface of the carrier plate.
    According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a measuring device for determining electrical characteristics, e.g. proposed an I-V characteristic of a solar cell. The measuring device has a contacting device according to the first aspect of the present invention and a measuring device. The meter is designed to measure both a current flowing between two power terminals and a voltage applied between two power terminals. At least one of the electrical leads of the contacting device is connected at its ends in each case with voltage terminals of the measuring device. Several of the electrical. Lines of the contacting device are connected at their ends in each case with current terminals of the measuring device.
    According to a third aspect of the present invention, the contacting device according to the first aspect of the invention is used in determining electrical properties, e.g. used an I-V characteristic of a solar cell.
    Ideas for the above-described aspects of the present invention may be considered, inter alia, as being based on the following observations and findings:
    As described in the introduction, conventional solar cells for determining their electrical properties can be temporarily contacted with spring-loaded contact pins by being pressed onto the wide bus bars. In this case, the contact pins can usually be pressed with the help of over the busbars to be arranged bridges or alternatively only at the edge of the solar cell on the busbar tracks to keep shading by a holder holding the pins low.
    Although such determination of the electrical properties of a solar cell using spring-loaded contact pins can be carried out reliably and reproducibly, it often suffers from several deficits.
    For example, the I-V characteristic of a solar cell is usually determined in a state in which the bus bars of the solar cell are not yet soldered with copper strips. However, the unsoldered busbars have a much higher electrical resistance than is the case with the solar cells soldered in the module. On the one hand, due to the series resistances, there may be a loss of power during the dissipation of the current generated in the solar cell; on the other hand, the voltages dropping across such series resistors may result in different electrical potentials at different positions within the solar cell, which may influence the mode of operation of the solar cell. for example, by forming equalizing currents. Therefore, it can already be advantageous in the characterization of conventional solar cells not to derive the current generated by the solar cell exclusively at the edge of busbar tracks.
    In novel solar cell concepts in which no busbars are provided, a tapping of the generated current using spring-loaded pins is usually not possible because the pins would have to contact a variety of very thin contact paths with a width of, for example, less than 150 microns. Even if it were assumed that very fine contact pins could contact such narrow contact paths, each contact pin would have to strike an assigned contact path exactly. In addition, it would also have to be prevented here that a device holding the contact pins leads to excessive shading of the solar cell. However, a contacting of the solar cell exclusively at the outermost edge leads, for the reasons described above, even more than in the contacting of wide busbars, to problems with regard to the series resistances occurring in the process.
    In addition, it should be noted that e.g. In conventional methods for determining the I-V characteristic of a solar cell, the solar cell is characterized before it is encapsulated in a solar module. In this unencapsulated state, however, the solar cell is subject to different optical and electrical boundary conditions than in an encapsulated module.
    By use of the contacting device proposed here, e.g. On the one hand, an I-V characteristic of a solar cell can be reliably determined, on the other hand, the optical and / or electrical boundary conditions can prevail similarly, as is the case after encapsulation in a solar module.
    In the proposed contacting device, the solar cell is no longer contacted by means of individual contact pins. Instead, a plurality of electrical lines are provided for such electrical contacting, which can be similar to a wire mesh placed over the front of the solar cell and there come into contact with the metal contacts of the solar cell. For example, at least 2, preferably between 5 and 30 electrical lines can be provided. In this way, an interconnection of the solar cell can be achieved, which corresponds for example in solar cells without busbar tracks of that interconnection, as it is realized in the finished solar module. In this case, the electrical lines can be provided in the form of bare metallic wires, so that an electrical contact is established in the case of a mechanical contact of the electrical lines with the metal contacts of the solar cells.
    However, it has been observed that the bare wires of the wire mesh alone can not apply enough contact pressure to the solar cell due to their low weight, as that a sufficient and reliable electrical contact would be ensured.
    For this reason, a substantially rigid, optically transparent support plate is disposed above the wire grid. The support plate should be sufficiently rigid that by pressing the support plate to the solar cell provided on the support plate electrical lines can be pressed with a substantially homogeneously distributed force to the surface of the solar cell and the metal contacts provided thereon. Accordingly, no thin film is suitable for the carrier plate, but the carrier plate should have at least a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, preferably at least 2 mm. For example, the support plate may have a similar thickness of between 5 mm and 10 mm as used in the transparent cover plates typically used in solar modules.
    In addition to its mechanical strength, the support plate should be as optically transparent as possible, that is, as much as possible of the incident light, for example, a solar simulator should be transmitted through the support plate to be subsequently absorbed in the solar cell can. For this purpose, the support plate should transmit as well as possible, that is, as little as possible absorption and reflection in a predominant part of the optical spectral range in which the solar cell can convert light into electricity, for example in silicon solar cells between 300 nm and 1200 nm wavelength. For example, a transmittance of the support plate for use with silicon solar cells should be greater than 80%, preferably greater than 90%, at least in the range from 350 nm to 1150 nm.
    The electrical lines can be arranged directly on the support plate or at least mechanically connected thereto. For example, the electrical wires may be glued to the carrier plate in the form of wires. Thus, the electrical leads can be precisely positioned on the solar cell surface using the easy-to-handle support plate while determining an I-V characteristic. The fact that the electrical lines protrude beyond the surface of the support plate, it can be achieved that the electrical lines using the support plate can be pressed onto the surface of the solar cell and the metal contacts provided there and low contact resistance between the electrical due to the locally acting high pressure Lines of the contacting device on the one hand and the metal contacts of the solar cell on the other hand can be achieved. In addition, it can be avoided that the surface of the carrier plate comes directly into contact with the surface of the solar cell, which could at worst result in damage to the solar cell and / or scratching of the carrier plate.
    Hereinafter, possible features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be further described in detail.
    An elastic material can be arranged between the electrical lines and the carrier plate. Because of this elastic material, the lines on the one hand be firmly mechanically connected to the support plate and on the other hand, however, be reversibly resiliently displaced with respect to the support plate. When pressure is applied to the lines, they can be pressed into the elastic material, for example, so that, for example, height differences in the metal contacts of the solar cell to be contacted by the lines, as may result, for example, from manufacturing variations in thickness, can be compensated. For example, depending on the elasticity of the elastic material used and the thickness of the layer of such material interposed between the conduits and the support plate, local height differences of up to 30 μm, possibly even up to 100 μm, can typically occur in the manufacture of solar cell contacts using screen printing technologies occur, be balanced.
    Any elastic materials such as elastic polymers, in particular silicone, can be used. If the elastic material is not stored exclusively in the area between the lines and the carrier plate, the elastic material used should be optically transparent in order to avoid shading losses.
    In the support plate line-shaped, preferably rectilinear depressions may be provided, wherein the electrical lines may be partially received in these linear depressions. The provision of such recesses may serve to precisely adjust the lines in relation to the carrier plate. The depressions can be subsequently introduced by means of any method, for example by sawing, lasers, etching, etc. in the carrier plate. Alternatively, the backing plate can be made directly, for example using a suitable mold, with the desired trench structure. The recesses should be dimensioned in this case in such a way that a line can be at least partially received in the recess. In the production of the contacting device thus the electrical leads can be inserted into the wells and fixed there, for example, adhesive. Alternatively, initially elastic material can be introduced into the depressions and then in each case an electrical line can be arranged above one of the depressions, so that the electrical line can be pressed under pressure into the depressions and the elastic material accommodated therein.
    The line-shaped depressions may have flanks which extend at an oblique angle, that is, not at right angles, to the surface of the carrier plate. At such oblique flanks of the depressions, for example, from above perpendicularly incident on the support plate light can be reflected at an obtuse angle, so that this does not leave the support plate away from the underlying solar cell, but continues to run to the solar cell and ultimately absorbed in the solar cell can be. In this way, an effective optical width, that is to say a width with vanishing optical transmission, of the linear depressions and the electrical lines arranged in these can be optimized in a desired manner. In this case, it can be exploited that, due to the different refractive indices of the material of the carrier plate on the one hand and a material provided in the depressions on the other hand, total reflection or at least enhanced reflection at the flanks of the depressions can occur. Optionally, the flanks of the recesses can also be locally mirrored, for example by vapor deposition or chemical deposition of a metal layer. Depending on the choice of the geometry of the cross section of the recesses, an effective optical width of the recesses or the underlying electrical lines can be varied. In extreme cases, the electrical lines can even be "hidden".
    As already indicated, the carrier plate should have the highest possible optical transmission. To minimize reflection losses on the carrier plate, antireflection layers can be provided on the surface of the carrier plate. In order to minimize absorption losses within the carrier plate, on the one hand, the thickness of the carrier plate can be selected as low as possible, but without reducing the mechanical strength of the carrier plate below a Mindestmass. For example, the thickness of the backing plate should not be less than 0.5 mm. On the other hand, it is possible to use for the carrier plate materials having the lowest possible absorption coefficient in the region of the light spectrum to be transmitted. In particular, the support plate can be made of glass, with ordinary window glass having a sufficiently high transmission in the spectral range above 400 nm. In order to be able to achieve a high transmission in the spectral range below 400 nm, for example in the spectral range from 300 nm to 400 nm, special low-iron glasses which have a reduced iron content or borosilicate glasses can be used. Since low-iron glasses are also usually used as a cover layer in solar modules, it can be achieved by using a carrier plate made of low-iron glass that the light reaching the solar cell has a similar spectrum as solar cells receive it encapsulated in a module. Accordingly, particularly practical I-V characteristics can be recorded. Alternatively, however, the backing plate may be made of other highly transparent materials, such as transparent plastics, e.g. PMP, LDPE, PP, PVC, PET, PC or PS exist. To increase the transmission, one or more antireflection layers may also be applied to surfaces of the carrier plate.
    The electrical leads may be provided in the contacting device such that ends of a plurality of the electrical leads are electrically connected to each other and each to one of two common power terminals of the contacting device. The power generated by the solar cell can be dissipated at a plurality of contact points between the electrical lines and the metal contacts provided on the solar cell via the plurality of electrical lines coupled to the power connections, which are routed as parallel and equidistant as possible along the carrier plate. Due to the large number of such contact points and the most homogeneous possible distribution of the contact points over the entire front side of the solar cell, it can be achieved that current within the solar cell and within the metal contacts must always travel only short distances before it can be dissipated in the contacting device. Accordingly, series resistances can be kept low and the current flow can be homogenized.
    Between each of the lines and one of the power connections, a series resistor can be interposed in each case. The series resistor may have an electrical resistance of between 0.01 Ω and 100 Ω, preferably between 0.1 Ω and 10 Ω. The provision of such series resistors can lead to a homogenization of the current flow over various electrical lines of the contacting device. Without a homogenization caused by such series resistors, slight differences in the contact resistance between individual electrical leads and metal contacts contacted by them can lead to equalization currents within the solar cell and thus to a falsification of the measured IV characteristic due to the different contact resistances the current flowing through it can fall off different voltages locally. In order to minimize the influence of locally varying contact resistance and to achieve homogenization, the series resistors should have an electrical resistance which is significantly greater than the expected contact resistance.While the majority of the electrical leads of the contacting device are to be used for current measurement in the determination of an I-V characteristic, at least one of the electrical leads can be used for a separate voltage measurement. In this way, similar to a conventional four-point measurement, it can be avoided that in determining an I-V characteristic, the voltage drops that occur in a current flow through contact and series resistors distort the measurement of the voltage generated by the solar cell. At least one of the electrical lines can therefore be electrically connected at each of its ends to one of two voltage terminals of the contacting device.
    This at least one line used for voltage tapping can preferably be arranged near the center of the carrier plate. While the current during the determination of an I-V characteristic should be derived as homogeneously as possible on the entire surface of the solar cell, it may be sufficient to tap the voltage only at one position, wherein a tap of the voltage near the center of the solar cell appears advantageous.
    The electrical line used for the voltage tap may be provided, in contrast to the electrical leads used for the current tap preferably with an electrically insulating sheath that leaves the electrical line only partially exposed. It can thereby be achieved that the voltage pick-off line does not make contact with the solar cell at several positions both in the middle and near the edge of the solar cell, which could lead to distortions of the measured I-V characteristic due to locally different series resistance losses and possible compensating currents.
    It should be noted that in determining an I-V characteristic, the voltage is also applied at other positions, i. off-center, can be tapped. Furthermore, the tapping of the voltage with a separate electrical line can be dispensed with in the context of a 4-point measurement and instead the voltage at the electrical lines used for the current tapping can also be tapped, ie. a 2-point measurement is performed.
    The contacting device may, in addition to the support plate having a frame surrounding the support plate. This frame can serve, for example, to mechanically stabilize the carrier plate. In addition, the power and voltage connections to be contacted from the outside can be provided on the frame. While the backing plate itself may be made of a material that is difficult to handle, such as brittle glass, the frame may be made of easily machined material such as metal or plastic. When determining an I-V characteristic, the frame, due to its own weight, can press the carrier plate against the underlying solar cell with increased pressure. In addition, the frame can be used to press the carrier plate against the solar cell due to an additional force applied to the frame.
    The contacting device may also have a holding plate on which the solar cell to be measured can be arranged. In this case, a seal for hermetically sealing a space located between the holding plate and the carrier plate may be provided on the carrier plate, on a frame attached to the carrier plate and / or on the holding plate. In the closed by means of this seal space between the support plate and the support plate, a negative pressure can be generated by means of which the support plate can be pulled towards the support plate and thus to the arranged on the support plate solar cell and pressed against it. In addition, a negative pressure between the holding plate and the solar cell can be generated in order to fix the solar cell reliably on the holding plate. The holding plate may for example be part of a measuring table.
    It should be noted that possible features and advantages of embodiments of the invention herein in part with reference to a contacting device according to the invention, partly with respect to an inventive measuring device for determining an IV characteristic of a solar cell and partly with respect to a use of a contacting device are described in determining an IV characteristic of a solar cell. A person skilled in the art will recognize that the features described can be suitably combined or exchanged with one another and in particular can also be transferred from the contacting device to the measuring device or its use or vice versa in order to arrive at further embodiments and possibly synergy effects.
    Brief description of the drawings
    The above-described and other possible aspects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which neither the description nor the drawings are to be construed as limiting the invention.<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> shows a perspective view from below of a contacting device according to the invention.<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> is a perspective view from above of a measuring device with a contacting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.<Tb> FIG. FIG. 3 shows a partial cross-sectional view through a carrier plate provided with leads of a contacting device according to the invention. FIG.<Tb> FIG. 4 (a) - (c) <SEP> show cross-sectional views of recesses of different geometry to be formed in a carrier plate for a contacting device according to the invention.
    The figures are only schematic and not true to scale. Like reference numerals designate the same or similar features in the figures.
    Description of preferred embodiments of the invention
    1 to 3, an embodiment of a contacting device 1 for non-permanent electrical contacting of a solar cell 3 is shown. In FIG. 2, components of a measuring device 45 are also shown schematically, which can determine an I-V characteristic of a solar cell 3 with the aid of the contacting device 1.
    The contacting device 1 has a rigid support plate 5 and a plurality of electrical leads 7. Around the support plate 5 around a frame 9 is provided, which holds the support plate 5 and with which the support plate 5 is hermetically sealed. The frame 9 can be arranged on a holding plate 11, on which the solar cell 3 can be arranged. The frame 9 can be accurately positioned on the holding plate 11 by means of provided on the holding plate 11 pin 13 and provided in the frame 9 corresponding positioning holes 17. Between the frame 9 and the holding plate 11, a seal 15 is provided. By means of a through-bore serving as a vacuum connection 19, a negative pressure can be applied in an interior of the contacting device 1 between the holding plate 11 and the carrier plate 5, which sucks the carrier plate 5 toward the solar cell 3 arranged on the holding plate 11. At the same time, the solar cell 3 can be fixed on the holding plate 11 by means of a negative pressure so that it can not slip during a contacting phase.
    In the illustrated example, the solar cell 3, although thin metal contact fingers 21 which extend in a straight line and parallel to each other over the entire front of the solar cell 3 and, for example, a finger width of about 100 microns and a distance between adjacent fingers of about 1 , 5 mm to 3 mm. The solar cell 3, however, has no broad bus bars.
    In order to be able to contact the busbar-less solar cell 3 as homogeneously as possible, the contacting device 1 on the carrier plate 5 has a multiplicity of electrical lines 7 in the form of rectilinear wires. The lines 7 extend substantially perpendicular to the contact fingers 21 of the solar cell 3. The lines 7 extend substantially parallel to each other and have a uniform distance from each other, wherein the distance, for example, between 0.3 cm and 2 cm, preferably about 1 cm , may be. The lines 7 extend from a central region 6 of the support plate 5 to edge regions 8, which adjoin the central region 6 and the frame 9 at both ends.
    As can be clearly seen in Fig. 3, a plurality of linear depressions 23 are introduced in the form of rectilinear trenches in the support plate 5. Dimensions of the recesses 23, in particular their width, are chosen larger than dimensions, i. the diameter of the electrical lines 7. It is pointed out in this regard that in particular neither the dimensions of the recesses 23 and the electrical lines 7 nor the distance between adjacent recesses 23 are shown to scale in the figures.
    The recesses 23 are largely filled with an elastic material 25 such as silicone. In this elastic material 25, the lines 7 are partially inserted and connected in this way firmly with the support plate 5. The lines 7 project outwardly beyond a surface 10 of the carrier plate 5. With a pressure on the lines 7, as it can occur when the lines 7 come into contact with the solar cell 3 and the contact fingers 21 arranged thereon, the lines 7 can be resiliently pressed into the elastic material 25. In this way, for example, local height differences on the solar cell 3, in the contact fingers 21 and / or in the lines 7 can be compensated. In addition, a flexible mounting of the frame 9 make it possible to compensate for a possible wedge shape of a solar cell 3 or the holding plate 11.
    As exemplified in FIGS. 4 (a) - (c), the recesses 23 may have different cross-sectional geometries.
    In the example shown in Fig. 4 (a), the recess 23 has a rectangular cross section. Light 27 incident from above can be reflected at an interface 29 between the material of the carrier plate 5 and the interior of the depression 23, possibly filled with elastic material. Due to such reflection and due to the opaque wire used for the lines 7, it may thus come to a partial shading of the solar cell 3 around the electrical lines 7, if it is illuminated, for example, when measuring an IV characteristic from above with a solar simulator with light 27 ,
    As shown in Figs. 4 (b) and (c), however, lateral flanks 31 of the recesses 23 may not be oriented perpendicularly as in Fig. 4 (a) but at an oblique angle to the surface of the carrier plate 5 , At these inclined flanks 31, light 27 radiated in from above can be reflected at an obtuse angle so that it does not reflect upward again out of the carrier plate 5, as in FIG. 4 (a), but obliquely downward toward the solar cell 3 becomes.
    Alternatively, the recesses 7 may have other than the geometries shown in Figs. 4 (a) to (c). For example, the recesses may be round-arc-shaped and thus adapted to the contour in the cross section of circular electrical lines 7. The electrical lines themselves can have different cross-sectional geometries, for example circular, oval, triangular, rectangular, etc.
    How strong and in which direction the incident light 27 is reflected toward the solar cell 3, depends both on the geometry of the recess 23 and the electrical line 7 and the refractive indices of the support plate 5 and in their recesses 23rd intended materials from. Optionally, the flanks 31 can be mirrored.
    By suitable choice of the geometry of the recesses 23 and the materials used, the effective optical width of the recesses 23 and, where appropriate, the underlying arranged electrical lines 7 can be optimized. As a result, the optical conditions, for example, which prevail after encapsulation of the solar cell 3 in a module, can be reproduced as accurately as possible. In the extreme case of an acute triangular depression 23 shown in FIG. 4 (c), the electrical line 7 can even be optically "hidden".
    As can be clearly seen in Fig. 1, the electrical lines 7 extend along the entire longitudinal direction of the support plate 5 and are connected at both ends 33, 35 with substrates 37 which are embedded in the frame 9. Via these substrates 37, most of the electrical lines 7 are electrically connected to one another and in each case to externally contactable common power connections 55 of the contacting device 1 (shown schematically in FIG. 2). These electrical lines are thus connected in parallel and serve during the determination of an I-V characteristic for tapping the current generated in the solar cell 3.
    In order to homogenize the current flowing through the various electrical lines 7 current flow for the entire contacting device 1, the lines 7 are connected at their ends provided in the substrate 37 Vorwiderständen 39. The lines 7 extend toward both opposite regions of the frame and series resistors 39 are provided at both longitudinal ends of the carrier substrate 5, so that the current generated by the solar cell 3 can be tapped on both sides, resulting in the effective length of the electrical lines. 7 can be shortened to half the real length of these lines 7, so that a lower series resistance of the lines 7 is effected. Alternatively, the lines 7 could also be performed only on one side of the support plate 5 to power terminals 55 and looped through on the opposite side.
    Although a single, arranged in the middle of the support plate 5 electrical line 47 extends parallel to the other electrical lines 7, but is not electrically short-circuited with these. This line 47 can be used for tapping the voltage applied to the solar cell 3 voltage. Since at most a very small electric current flows through it, voltage drops due to, for example, contact resistances or series resistances can be neglected. In this case, the line 47 can be realized as an insulated, for example enamel-insulated thin wire with negligible shading, so that the voltage of the solar cell 3 is tapped only where the lacquer was removed locally. Thus, a voltage tap at any position of the solar cell, preferably as centrally as possible within the solar cell, is possible.
    In order to determine an IV characteristic of a solar cell 3 using the contacting device 1, at least one provided for the voltage tap electrical line 47 via voltage terminals 57 of the contacting device 1 with voltage terminals 51 of a measuring device 49 and the several provided for the current tap electrical Lines 7 are electrically connected to power connections 53 of the measuring device 49, as shown schematically in FIG. 2,
    The described contacting device 1 and its use in determining an IV characteristic of a solar cell by means of a suitably equipped measuring device 45, the measurement of electrical characteristics of the solar cell 3 under the substantially same electrical conditions as present in the finished solar module, and with similar enable optical conditions. This allows a more accurate classification of the solar cells and thus lower mismatch losses in solar modules.
    Finally, it is pointed out that the terms "include", "exhibit", etc. should not exclude the presence of additional elements. The term "on" does not exclude the presence of a plurality of elements or objects. Furthermore, in addition to the method steps mentioned in the claims, further method steps may be necessary or advantageous, for example to achieve finalize a solar cell. The reference signs in the claims are only for better readability and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims in any way.
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    [0061]<Tb> 1 <September> contacting<Tb> 3 <September> solar cell<Tb> 5 <September> carrier plate<Tb> 6 <September> Central Area<tb> 7 <SEP> electric wire<Tb> 8 <September> edge area<Tb> 9 <September> Frames<tb> 10 <SEP> Surface of the carrier plate<Tb> 11 <September> retaining plate<Tb> 13 <September> pins<Tb> 15 <September> seal<Tb> 17 <September> positioning holes<Tb> 19 <September> vacuum port<Tb> 21 <September> contact fingers<tb> 23 <SEP> wells in carrier plate<tb> 25 <SEP> elastic material<tb> 27 <SEP> incident light<tb> 29 <SEP> Interface support plate / recess<tb> 31 <SEP> sloping flank of a depression<Tb> 33 <September> cable ends<Tb> 35 <September> cable ends<Tb> 37 <September> substrate<T b> 39 <September> resistors<Tb> 45 <September> measuring device<tb> 47 <SEP> electrical line for voltage tap<Tb> 49 <September> meter<tb> 51 <SEP> Voltage terminals of the meter<tb> 53 <SEP> Power connections of the meter<tb> 55 <SEP> Power connections of the contacting device<tb> 57 <SEP> Voltage terminals of the contacting device
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    1. contacting device (1) for non-permanent electrical contacting of solar cells (3), wherein the contacting device comprises:a rigid support plate (5);a plurality of electrical leads (7);wherein the carrier plate is optically transparent; andwherein the electrical leads along a surface (10) of the support plate from a central region (6) of the support plate are arranged extending toward an edge region (8) of the support plate and project beyond this surface.
    [2]
    2. contacting device according to claim 1, wherein between the electrical lines and the support plate, an elastic material (25) is arranged:
    [3]
    3. contacting device according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein in the support plate line-shaped recesses (23) are provided and wherein the electrical lines in the line-shaped depressions can be at least partially accommodated.
    [4]
    4. contacting device according to claim 3, wherein the line-shaped recesses have flanks (31) which extend at an oblique angle to the surface (10) of the support plate.
    [5]
    5. contacting device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the carrier plate made of glass, in particular of low-iron glass or borosilicate glass.
    [6]
    6. contacting device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the electrical lines are arranged parallel and equidistant from each other.
    [7]
    7. contacting device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein ends (33, 35) of a plurality of the electrical lines with each other and in each case with one of two common power terminals (55) of the contacting device are electrically connected.
    [8]
    8. contacting device according to claim 7, wherein between each of the lines and one of the power terminals in each case a series resistor (39) is interposed with an electrical resistance of between 0.01 and 100 ohms.
    [9]
    9. contacting device according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at least one electrical line (47) at its ends in each case with one of two voltage terminals (57) of the contacting device is electrically connected.
    [10]
    10. contacting device according to claim 9, wherein the at least one electrical line (47) is arranged near the center of the carrier plate.
    [11]
    11. contacting device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the at least one electrical line (47) is partially covered by an electrical insulation and partially exposed.
    [12]
    12. contacting device according to one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a frame (9) surrounding the carrier plate.
    [13]
    13. contacting device according to one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising a holding plate (11) on which the solar cell is to be arranged, and a seal (15) for hermetically sealing a space located between the holding plate and the carrier plate.
    [14]
    14. Measuring device (45) for determining an I-V characteristic of a solar cell, the measuring device comprising:a contacting device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13;a measuring device (49) which is adapted to measure both a current flowing between two power terminals (53) and a voltage applied between two voltage terminals (51);wherein at least one of the electrical leads (47) of the contacting device is in each case connected to voltage terminals of the measuring device, and wherein a plurality of the electrical leads (7) of the contacting device are respectively connected to current terminals of the measuring device.
    [15]
    15. Use of a contacting device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13 in determining electrical properties of a solar cell (3).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102012017564B4|2018-10-11|
    WO2014037382A1|2014-03-13|
    CN104769838A|2015-07-08|
    CN104769838B|2017-08-25|
    DE102012017564A1|2014-03-06|
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    法律状态:
    2016-11-30| PK| Correction|Free format text: BERICHTIGUNG ERFINDER |
    2020-05-29| PL| Patent ceased|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102012017564.7A|DE102012017564B4|2012-09-05|2012-09-05|Device for non-permanent electrical contacting of solar cells for measuring electrical properties|
    PCT/EP2013/068255|WO2014037382A1|2012-09-05|2013-09-04|Device for non-permanent electrical contacting of solar cells in order to measure electrical properties|
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